Science of the Total Environment by Gopalan Viswanathan ,A. Jaswanth ,S. Gopalakrishnan, S. Siva ilango ,G. Aditya

Fluoride ion in drinkingwater is known for both beneficial and detrimental effects on health. The prevalence of fluorosis is mainly due to the intake of large quantities of fluoride through drinking water owing to more than 90% bioavailability. The objective of this study is to predict optimal fluoride level in drinking water for fluoride endemic regions by comprising the levels of fluoride and other water quality parameters in drinking water, prevalence of fluorosis, fluoride intake through water, food and beverages such as tea and coffee and also considering the progressive accumulation of fluoride in animal bones, by comparing with non fluoride endemic areas comprise of the same geological features with the aid of regression analysis. Result of this study shows that increase of fluoride level above 1.33 mg/l in drinkingwater increases the community fluorosis index (CFI) value more than 0.6, an optimum index value above which fluorosis is considered to be a public health problem. Regression plot betweenwater fluoride and bone fluoride levels indicates that, every increase of 0.5 mg/l unit of water fluoride level increases the bone fluoride level of 52 mg/kg unit within 2 to 3 years. Furthermore, the consumption of drinking water containing more than 0.65 mg/l of fluoride can raise the total fluoride intake per day more than 4 mg, which is the optimum fluoride dose level recommended for adults by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. From the result, the people in fluoride endemic areas in South India are advised to consume drinking water with fluoride level within the limit of 0.5 to 0.65 mg/l to avoid further fluorosis risk.

Leaching Of Substances From Products Used In Contact With Water Intended For Human Consumption

This test protocol is one of a series prepared by the Drinking Water Inspectorate (DWI) to provide guidance to test laboratories procedures to be used in evaluating the suitability of products for use in the treatment and distribution of water intended for human consumption. These procedures are designed to ensure a consistent approach to testing by the designated test laboratories.

Fluoride: Dose-Response Analysis For Non-cancer Effects by Health and Ecological Criteria Division Office of Water

Prior to initiating the dose-response analysis for fluoride-related skeletal effects, the Office of Water (OW) critically evaluated the studies that had been cited and utilized by the National Research Council (NRC, 2006) in their report Fluoride in Drinking Water: A Scientific Review of EPA’s Standards. Additional studies identified in the OW initial literature search (2006) were also evaluated. This document is a compilation of the study evaluations arranged alphabetically by the name of the lead author. Critical information fields examined and summarized include endpoint studied, type of study and population studied, exposure period and assessment, characterization of study groups, analytical methods and study design, parameters monitored, statistical methods employed, results (including critical tables and figures) authors’ conclusions, critical references and definitions, profiler’s appraisal, and critical review of the profiler’s assessment. Studies of fluoride-related skeletal effects identified and added to the dose-response analysis for the non-cancer effects document after its external peer review were not evaluated in this fashion.

Link : https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-09/documents/fluoride-study-summaries.pdf